| VACCINES | | | | Malaria vaccine: |
| A suspension of killed or modified live virus or | | | | Another control effort is directed toward developing |
| bacterium being injected into the body to stimulate | | | | a malaria vaccine. One problem has been to identify |
| immunity against the pathogen is called a vaccine. | | | | the stage of the parasite responsible for triggering |
| Vaccines are used to prevent certain infectious | | | | the immune response in humans has now been |
| diseases. | | | | identified, and the gene for this antigen can be |
| Example:- | | | | cloned, using recombinant DNA technology |
| - Human immune virus (HIV) vaccine | | | | consequently, the antigen can be manufactured and |
| - Malaria vaccine | | | | used to make a vaccine, the vaccine will hopefully be |
| - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome vaccine. | | | | available in the near future. But even when a vaccine |
| Human immune virus(HIV)vaccine: | | | | becomes available, administering it to the numbers of |
| Ever since the detection of HIV as the disease for | | | | people living where malaria is endemic will be a |
| AIDS, attempts have been made to develop suitable | | | | monumental task. Mechanisms to distribute the |
| vaccines against the disease. The mutation rate of | | | | vaccine and ways of gaining the people's cooperation |
| HIV is 65times that of Influenza virus. No two AIDS | | | | will be needed. The cost of the vaccine in the |
| patients carry identical virus Reverse transcription of | | | | quantities required will be another major problem. |
| HIV is error prone and an estimated 5-10 errors are | | | | Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome vaccine: |
| introduced into HIV genome estimated during each | | | | The causative Corona virus is a relative of the |
| round of replication. Development of HIV vaccine is | | | | common cold virus and is not a type of Influenza |
| extremely difficult because antibodies and | | | | vaccine development is underway with human trials |
| cell-mediated immunity directed against one isolate | | | | scheduled to begin in fall 2004. Thus for animal trials |
| might not recognize another. Unlike vaccines for | | | | look promising. It is expected that future out breaks |
| many viruses, those for HIV may have to go beyond | | | | will occur, due to the large number of reservoir |
| generating antibodies. Devising approaches which will | | | | animals and the ease with which it is spread. |
| activate the immune system is for from simple. | | | | |