| Often associated with Mental Retardation, | | | | disturbances); sometimes illusions or hallucinations |
| Stereotypic Movement Disorder is characterized by | | | | (perceptual disturbance) occur instead of cognitive |
| repetitive motor behaviors that are not functional, | | | | disturbances. |
| such as head banging or body-rocking, and cause | | | | The typical onset and duration of delirium is usually |
| physical harm or significantly interfere with normal | | | | rapid and duration is brief, typically less than 1 month. |
| activities. A child who has a short nose, narrow upper | | | | Research has found older people (60+ y/o), people |
| lip, small chin, and flat mid-face, and who experiences | | | | with decreased cerebral reserve (e.g., prior CNS injury |
| developmental delays, failure to thrive, and is usually | | | | or impaired cognition), post-cardiotomy patients, and |
| mild to moderately mentally retarded characterizes | | | | people going through drug withdrawal to be most |
| the non-DSM condition Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | | | | at-risk for developing delirium. Twenty percent of |
| (caused by chronic consumption of alcohol by mother | | | | people over age 85 have dementia. Pseudo-dementia |
| during pregnancy). The 3rd most frequent cause of | | | | is the term used when an elderly person's experience |
| death for infants between 1 month and 1 year old is | | | | of depression impairs their cognitive ability, but is |
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). A child | | | | unrelated to a general medical condition or substance |
| diagnosed with Childhood Depression may present | | | | use. |
| similarly as depressed adults, though often mask their | | | | The initial stages of Alzheimer's Disease involves |
| feelings with delinquency, phobias, underachievement, | | | | forgetting tasks and repeating questions, which |
| psychosomatic complaints, hyperactivity, or | | | | progresses to impaired ability to perform day-to-day |
| aggression; it is often associated with family abuse or | | | | tasks independently (e.g., cooking, driving, getting |
| neglect. | | | | dressed). In the final stages, incontinence, severe |
| The subtypes of Personality Change Due to a | | | | language impairment, and the inability to walk or sit-up |
| General Medical Condition are Labile, Disinhibited, | | | | are typical. The only way to confirm with certainty |
| Aggressive, Apathetic, Paranoid, Other, Unspecified, | | | | that a person has Alzheimer's disease is Postmortem |
| and Combined. The most likely diagnosis for a person | | | | brain autopsy or biopsy. A person who presents with |
| who becomes catatonic as a direct result of | | | | significant problems in memory and/or other cognitive |
| cerebrovascular disease is Catatonic Disorder Due to | | | | disturbances following a cerebrovascular disease (e.g., |
| a General Medical Condition. Substance Intoxication is | | | | stroke or infarction) would receive a diagnosis of |
| diagnosed when maladaptive behavioral or | | | | Vascular Dementia. Another term for what the DSM |
| psychological changes occur during or shortly after | | | | calls Dementia Due to HIV Disease is AIDS Dementia |
| using or being exposed to a substance (e.g., alcohol, | | | | Complex. When a person's dementia is caused by the |
| caffeine, opioids), and the changes are due to the | | | | persisting effects of substance use, rather than the |
| physiological effects of the substance on the central | | | | direct effects of intoxication or withdrawal, the most |
| nervous system. | | | | appropriate diagnosis is Substance-Induced Persisting |
| Substance Withdrawal is given when a reversible | | | | Dementia (with the responsible substance indicated). |
| syndrome develops in a person due to recently | | | | Significant impairment in one's ability to learn new |
| terminating or reducing the use of a substance after | | | | information is referred to as anterograde amnesia, |
| using it in large quantities over a long period of time. | | | | while marked diminishment in one's ability to recall |
| A client who discloses a history of extensive LSD | | | | learned information or events is called retrograde |
| use, though no longer uses, reports that he | | | | amnesia. When a person's amnesia is due to a medical |
| occasionally re-experiences hallucinations similar to | | | | condition, such as hypoxia, seizures, or head trauma, |
| those he experienced when using the LSD. In this | | | | the correct diagnosis is Amnestic Disorder. Due to a |
| case, the most appropriate diagnosis is Hallucinogen | | | | General Medical Condition (with specific condition |
| Persisting Perception Disorder. A person with Delirium | | | | indicated) Alcohol-Induced Persisting Amnestic |
| experiences a reduced level of awareness and | | | | Disorder due to thiamine and other vitamin B |
| understanding of the environment, impaired ability to | | | | deficiencies is known as Korsakoff's Syndrome. |
| focus, maintain, or switch attention (disturbances of | | | | Antabuse Produces severe nausea when taken in |
| consciousness), as well as memory impairment, | | | | conjunction with alcohol and is used to assist in the |
| disorientation, or language difficulties (cognitive | | | | treatment of alcoholism. |